A reed switch is an electromechanical switching device that changes the state of a connected electrical circuit when exposed to a magnetic field from a permanent magnet or an external electromagnet, for example, a solenoid.
Structurally, the reed switch has elastic ferromagnetic contacts soldered into a sealed glass flask. These contacts combine the functions of a conductor, a magnetic circuit and a spring. When the external magnetic field reaches a certain threshold value, the elastic contacts of the reed switch "stick together", closing the electrical circuit. When the external field is removed, the circuit is opened due to the elasticity of the contacts.
There are reed switches with a "changeover" contact. In these devices, in the absence of a magnetic field, the moving element is in contact with a non-ferromagnetic contact; when the magnetic field is exceeded above the threshold, switching occurs - a closure with a ferromagnetic contact.
Reed switches are used as position sensors, limit switches, etc. The contacts in the reed switch are isolated from the harmful effects of the external environment, usually by a glass sealed casing, therefore they are suitable for use in conditions of increased dustiness, humidity, in aggressive environments.