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Although the existence of ultrasound has been known for a long time, its practical use began quite recently. Nowadays, ultrasound is widely used in various physical and technological methods. So, according to the speed of sound propagation in a medium, one can judge its physical characteristics. Velocity measurements at ultrasonic frequencies make it possible, with very small errors, to determine, for example, the adiabatic characteristics of fast processes, the values ​​of the specific heat capacity of gases, and the elastic constants of solids.
The frequency of ultrasonic vibrations used in industry and biology ranges from several tens of kHz to a few MHz. High-frequency vibrations are usually created using piezoceramic transducers, for example, barium titanite.
Typically, ultrasonic sensors are used to determine the distance in a gas environment by determining the response time of the reflected wave.
Ultrasonic emitters are also used for cleaning in ultrasonic baths. Ultrasonic cleaning is a method of cleaning the surface of solids in washing liquids, in which ultrasonic vibrations are introduced into the liquid in one way or another. The use of ultrasound usually significantly speeds up the cleaning process and improves its quality. In addition, in many cases it is possible to replace flammable and toxic solvents with safer detergents without losing the cleaning quality.